Read here everything about the Artemis lunar lander - Nasa has selected SpaceX to build the Artemis 3 lunar lander.
Concretely, this lunar lander will shuttle between the Orion capsule and the lunar surface: once it has arrived in orbit around the Moon, the capsule will dock with the craft.
Sent separately upstream, it will then be responsible for descending the astronauts to the surface, then reassembling them.
It is then aboard Orion that they will return to Earth.
Artemis lunar lander
This lunar lander will be a version of the Starship spacecraft, which has only carried out suborbital tests at the moment.
To reach Earth orbit, it will have to be powered by the first stage of Super Heavy rocket, also in development.
And before he can get to the Moon, he will have to refuel by refueling directly in space from another Starship, previously filled with fuel – a highly perilous transfer never yet tested.
For the continuation of the Artemis program, Nasa has launched a new call for tenders from other companies for the development of additional moon landing craft.
Artemis lunar lander program
The Artemis program also includes the construction of a station in orbit around the Moon, called Gateway.
The launch of the first two elements – a housing module and the propulsion system - is scheduled for the end of 2024 at the earliest, by a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket.
The following modules will be launched by SLS at the same time as Orion and its crew, responsible for assembling them at their destination.
Artemis lunar lander astronauts
The astronauts will stay there for between 30 and 60 days. Eventually, a lunar lander will be docked there to allow them to descend to the Moon from the station.
Gateway must also serve as a stage before future trips to Mars because, paradoxically, the star really at the heart of the Artemis program is not the Moon, but Mars. Nasa wants to test the technologies necessary to send the first humans to the red planet: new suits, a vehicle to move around, a mini-power plant, the use of lunar water...
The creation of a base on the surface of the Moon is even being considered.
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